Fig.1

Topographic map of the region surrounding the 1999 Frenchman Flat earthquake (White lines show previously mapped faults; Red dashed rectangles show the 24km area around Frenchman Flat shown in subsequent figures, red circles indicate the centroid locations from ISC, NEIC/BRK and UNR; And black solid lines delimit the extents of the InSAR data used for this study)"

Fig.2

Interferograms with strong water vapour effects superimposed on a SRTM DEM (Black rectangles show the 24×24km2 area around Frenchman Flat shown in subsequent figures)"

Fig.3

Eight descending interferograms and their stacked image superimposed on a SRTM DEM ((a)-(h) wrapped interferogram with the dates shown on the top left part (Format: YYMMDD-YYMMDD); all the interferograms are wrapped so that each colour cycle from violet to red to violet represents an increase of 1.6cm in the range to satellite; And solid black lines indicate profiles shown in Fig.4(b))"

Tab.1

ERS SAR data used in the InSAR analysis"

Fig.4

The stacked interferogram"

Fig.5

Ascending interferogram: 970819-991207 superimposed on a SRTM DEM"

Tab.2

Source parameters and their 1σ confidence limits from various source models"

Fig.6

The stacked, model and residual interferograms superimposed on SRTM DEM (The stacked interferogram and models are wrapped so that each colour cycle from violet to red to violet represents an increase of 1.6cm in the range to satellite; Black lines show previously mapped faults and red circles indicate the centroid locations from ISC, NEIC/BRK and UNR; Black rectangles show the map view projections of the NW-dipping/SE-dipping fault planes; And dashed red lines indicate the fault rupture projected on the surface, which would be expected in the black rectangles if the fault broke the surface)"

Fig.7

Uncertainties and trade-offs in model parameters for the NWDM model (Model parameter trade-offs for uniform-slip model. Each of the 100 dots in each of the upper plots is the best-fit solution for one data set to which Monte Carlo, correlated noise has been added, [Xcoord, Ycoord] represents the coordinate of the centre of the uniform slip plane projected vertically to the surface (UTM Zone 11: [Easting, Northing]), and CdDepth indicates the depth of the center; And histograms summarize the results for each parameter)"

Fig.8

Uncertainties and trade-offs in model parameters for the SEDM model (Model parameter trade-offs for the uniform-slip model. Each of the 100 dots in each of the upper plots is the best-fit solution for one data set to which Monte Carlo, correlated noise has been added, [Xcoord, Ycoord] represents the coordinate of the centre of the uniform slip plane projected vertically to the surface (UTM Zone 11: [Easting, Northing]), and CdDepth indicates the depth of the center; And histograms summarize the results for each parameter)"

Fig.9

Validation using an independent ascending interferogram (Panels as in Figs.6(a)—6(c))"

Fig.10

Validation using an independent ascending interferogram (The ascending interferogram and models are wrapped so that each colour cycle from violet to red to violet represents an increase of 1.6cm in the range to satellite. And black lines show previously mapped faults and red circles indicate the centroid locations from ISC, NEIC and UNR; Black rectangles show the map view projections of the SE-dipping fault planes; And dashed red lines indicate the fault rupture projected on the surface, which would be expected in the black rectangles if the fault broke the surface)"