Temporal-spatial Distribution of Various Types of Crime in the Special Wards of Tokyo

doi:10.11947/j.JGGS.2022.0203

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the official criminal data released by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department in 2019, this paper discusses the temporal-spatial distribution of various types of crimes in the special wards of Tokyo. The results show that: ① The times of high and low incidence of different types of crime differ significantly. Although vicious crime and violent crime present no obvious monthly distribution, property crime clearly differs between the first and second half of a calendar year. ② The month before the new year sees a surge in most types of crime. ③ Vicious crime peaks in the hours between night and early morning. Violent crime and property crime correlate positively with the frequency of human interaction and peak in the morning and evening commuting hours. ④ The spatial distribution of crime resembles the concentric circles of the three rings of the special wards of Tokyo, with a central high-incidence area, a center-peripheral low-incidence area, and a marginal high-incidence area. In addition, the center sees more personal crime than the periphery, whereas property crimes show the opposite trend. ⑤ A spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the special wards of Tokyo may be grouped into the “high-high” and “low-low” agglomeration modes of different types of crime, with marked differences between the various types of crime. The crime can be divided into three types: central agglomeration, double central agglomeration, and decentralized agglomeration.

Key words: crime; geography:; temporal-spatial; distribution:; spatial; analysis:; special; wards; of; Tokyo

Zhuo LIU,Hui LIN,Qinghua HE,Yuling WANG. Temporal-spatial Distribution of Various Types of Crime in the Special Wards of Tokyo[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, 2022, 5(2): 19-28.

Figures/Tables 7

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First classification	Second classification	Total number	Highest value area
Vicious crime	Murder, wounding, rape	523	Shinjuku
Violent crime	Atrocity	3518	Shinjuku
Violent crime	hurt	2123	Shinjuku
Burglary	Burglary	2740	Nerima
Non-housebreaking crime	Bicycle theft	23726	Shinjuku
	Motorcycle theft	664	Adachi
	Car theft	1729	Edogawa
	Bag thief	1208	Shinjuku
	Pick pocketing	1365	Shibuya
	Petty theft	9615	Shibuya
	Other types of theft	13235	Shinjuku
Other types of property crime	Illegal possession	2036	Shinjuku
	Fraud	4415	Chiyoda
	Intellectual crime	418	Shinjuku
	Other criminal offenses	9263	Chiyoda

Category	Moran’s I	Z score	P-value
All types of crime	0.246	23.57	0.001^***
Vicious crime	0.175	17.79	0.001^***
Violent crime	0.232	23.63	0.001^***
Burglary crime	0.124	12.60	0.001^***
Non-housebreaking crime	0.272	27.51	0.001^***
Other types of property crime	0.287	28.82	0.001^***