GIS Based FLMP Solving in Densely Populated City Areas: a Case Study in Singapore

doi:10.11947/j.JGGS.2022.0211

Abstract

Abstract:

With continual population growth in the densely populated cities, e.g., Singapore, traffic congestion is the main transportation problem. As such, Public Transport is deemed as the most sustainable mode of transport. However, pubic transport is often plagued with the First and Last Mile Problem (FLMP), reducing its appeal especially in the densely populated city areas. The FLMP leads to a wide range of complications, in particular, human congestion in public transport. In this research, after a comprehensive discussion of FLMP problem in densely populated city areas, a case study in Singapore, i.e., the Kent Ridge Campus of National University of Singapore (KRC-NUS), has been conducted based on the survey and spatio-temporal analyses. In addition to the investigation of FLMP status in the case study area, a new campus shuttle bus route from an alternative MRT station (Haw Par Villa Station) has also been proposed based on the Tabu Search to alleviate the human congestion and current FLMP status for KRC-NUS. This research not only has successfully addressed the FLMP in the case study area, but also can be a good reference for other areas in densely populated cities to help mitigate FLMPs.

Key words: GIS; First and Last Mile Problem; Tabu Search; Public Transport; Singapore

Yu Ning Hazel ANG,CAO Kai. GIS Based FLMP Solving in Densely Populated City Areas: a Case Study in Singapore[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, 2022, 5(2): 111-123.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Detailed calculations for α"

Time	Number of persons	A1	A1E	D2	Total buses	α^* /(%)
0700—0709	23	0	0	0	0	-
0710—0719	54	1	0	0	1	54.00
0720—0729	115	1	0	2	3	38.33
0730—0739	182	2	1	1	4	45.50
0740—0749	226	2	0	1	3	75.33
0750—0759	122	1	0	2	3	40.67
0800—0809	121	2	2	1	5	24.20
0810—0819	135	1	1	1	3	45.00
0820—0829	182	1	1	1	3	60.67
0830—0839	246	2	2	2	6	41.00
0840—0849	171	1	0	2	3	57.00
0850—0859	174	2	2	1	5	34.80
0900—0909	175	1	1	1	3	58.33
0910—0919	186	1	0	1	2	93.00
0920—0929	232	0	0	1	1	232.00
0930—0939	226	3	0	1	4	56.50
0940—0949	218	1	0	1	2	109.00
0950—0959	165	3	0	3	6	27.50
1000—1009	78	1	0	2	3	26.00
1010—1019	42	1	0	1	2	21.00
1020—1029	88	1	0	1	2	44.00
1030—1039	65	1	0	1	2	32.50
1040—1049	104	1	0	0	1	104.00
1050—1059	78	1	0	2	3	26.00
1100—1109	59	1	0	1	2	29.50
1110—1119	118	1	0	1	2	59.00
1120—1129	87	1	0	1	2	43.50
1130—1139	200	1	0	0	1	200.00
1140—1149	176	2	0	2	4	44.00
1150—1159	103	1	0	0	1	103.00
1200—1209	85	2	0	2	4	21.25
1210—1219	55	2	0	1	3	18.33
1220—1229	82	1	0	2	3	27.33
1230—1239	51	2	0	1	3	17.00
1240—1249	47	2	0	1	3	15.67
1250—1259	75	1	0	1	2	37.50
1300—1309	38	2	0	2	4	9.50
1310—1319	90	2	0	2	4	22.50
1320—1329	73	1	0	1	2	36.50
1330—1339	125	2	0	2	4	31.25
1340—1349	121	2	0	1	3	40.33
1350—1359	74	1	0	1	2	37.00
Time	Number of persons	A1	A1E	D2	Total buses	α^* /(%)
1400—1409	67	0	0	1	1	67.00
1410—1419	33	2	0	1	3	11.00
1420—1429	64	1	0	1	2	32.00
1430—1439	43	1	0	1	2	21.50
1440—1449	45	0	0	1	1	45.00
1450—1459	32	2	0	1	3	10.67
1500—1509	60	1	0	1	2	30.00
1510—1519	28	1	0	1	2	14.00
1520—1529	44	1	0	1	2	22.00
1530—1539	52	1	0	1	2	26.00
1540—1549	48	1	0	1	2	24.00
1550—1559	40	1	0	1	2	20.00
1600—1609	23	1	0	1	2	11.50
1610—1619	17	1	0	1	2	8.50
1620—1629	16	2	0	1	3	5.33
1630—1639	7	1	0	1	2	3.50
1640—1649	1	1	0	2	3	0.33
1650—1659	2	2	0	1	3	0.67

Tab.3

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Tab.4

Fig.8

Fig.9

Tab.5

Tab.6

Tab.7

Tab.8:

Tab.8(b):

Tab.8(c):

Tab.8(d):

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Time	R^*/(%)
1000	34.55
900	18.09
1200	13.57
800	11.43
1400	10.93
1100	5.15
1600	2.64
1300	1.38
1500	0.75
1800	0.50
930	0.25
1030	0.25
1700	0.25
1900	0.25

Name of origin	Name of destination	Total distance/m
Haw Par Villa Station	BIZ2	1887.58
Haw Par Villa Station	COM2	2187.02
Haw Par Villa Station	LT13	2480.60
Haw Par Villa Station	CLB	2531.19
Haw Par Villa Station	AS7	2685.80
Haw Par Villa Station	YIH	2993.81
Haw Par Villa Station	Museum	3161.48
Haw Par Villa Station	UTown	3382.55
Haw Par Villa Station	LT27	3826.32
Haw Par Villa Station	UHall	4080.48

Direction	Drive time	Walking time
From Ventus to LT13	1.66	0.83
From Opp NUSS to AS7	2.99	2.62

	Opp NUSS	Ventus	CLB	LT13	AS7	COM2	BIZ2
Case 1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
Case 2	1	0	1	1	0	1	1
Case 3	0	1	1	0	1	1	1
Case 4	0	0	1	1	1	1	1

Bus stops	Current dwell time	Estimated dwell time
KRBS	0.736	0.227
LT27	0.531	0.164
UHall	0.497	0.153
Opp UHC	0.253	0.078
YIH	0.355	0.110
CLB	0.685	0.212
LT13	0.378	0.117
AS7	0.171	0.053
COM2	0.230	0.071
BIZ2	0.178	0.055
HPVS	-	0.227