%A Yu Ning Hazel ANG,CAO Kai %T GIS Based FLMP Solving in Densely Populated City Areas: a Case Study in Singapore %0 Journal Article %D 2022 %J Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science %R 10.11947/j.JGGS.2022.0211 %P 111-123 %V 5 %N 2 %U {http://jggs.chinasmp.com/CN/abstract/article_143.shtml} %8 2022-06-20 %X

With continual population growth in the densely populated cities, e.g., Singapore, traffic congestion is the main transportation problem. As such, Public Transport is deemed as the most sustainable mode of transport. However, pubic transport is often plagued with the First and Last Mile Problem (FLMP), reducing its appeal especially in the densely populated city areas. The FLMP leads to a wide range of complications, in particular, human congestion in public transport. In this research, after a comprehensive discussion of FLMP problem in densely populated city areas, a case study in Singapore, i.e., the Kent Ridge Campus of National University of Singapore (KRC-NUS), has been conducted based on the survey and spatio-temporal analyses. In addition to the investigation of FLMP status in the case study area, a new campus shuttle bus route from an alternative MRT station (Haw Par Villa Station) has also been proposed based on the Tabu Search to alleviate the human congestion and current FLMP status for KRC-NUS. This research not only has successfully addressed the FLMP in the case study area, but also can be a good reference for other areas in densely populated cities to help mitigate FLMPs.