Automated Extraction for Water Bodies Using New Water Index from Landsat 8 OLI Images

doi:10.11947/j.JGGS.2023.0105

Abstract

Abstract:

The extraction of water bodies is essential for monitoring water resources, ecosystem services and the hydrological cycle, so analyzing water bodies from remote sensing images is necessary. The water index is designed to highlight water bodies in remote sensing images. We employ a new water index and digital image processing technology to extract water bodies automatically and accurately from Landsat 8 OLI images. Firstly, we preprocess Landsat 8 OLI images with radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction. Subsequently, we apply KT transformation, LBV transformation, AWEI_nsh, and HIS transformation to the preprocessed image to calculate a new water index. Then, we perform linear feature enhancement and improve the local adaptive threshold segmentation method to extract small water bodies accurately. Meanwhile, we employ morphological enhancement and improve the local adaptive threshold segmentation method to extract large water bodies. Finally, we combine small and large water bodies to get complete water bodies. Compared with other traditional methods, our method has apparent advantages in water extraction, particularly in the extraction of small water bodies.

Key words: water bodies extraction; Landsat 8 OLI images; water index; improved local adaptive threshold segmentation; linear feature enhancement

Pu YAN,Yue FANG,Jie CHEN,Gang WANG,Qingwei TANG. Automated Extraction for Water Bodies Using New Water Index from Landsat 8 OLI Images[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, 2023, 6(1): 59-75.

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City’s name and location	Area Coverage /pixel	Water body type
Qingtongxia area (37°57'N,106°0'E)	240×360	River
Chaohu(area1) (31°28'N,117°20'E)	900×500	River
Chaohu(area2) (31°41'N,117°47'E)	1040×720	River, Lake
Shouxian area (32°22'N,116°35'E)	2300×1400	River, Pond

Test sites	Path /row	Acquisition date	Cloud cover /(%)
Qingtongxia	130/34	13 March 2014	0.11
Chaohu	121/38	15 April 2020	0.61
Shouxian	121/38	15 April 2020	0.61
Chaohu	121/38	5 August 2020	8.45

Predict actual	1	0
1	True Positive (TP)	False Negative (FN)
0	False Positive (FP)	True Negative (TN)

Study area	Method	WI	OA/(%)	UA/(%)	PA/(%)	kappa
Qingtongxia area	OTSU	NDWI	96.95	94.64	55.77	0.6869
		MNDWI	97.10	93.25	59.31	0.7106
		NWI	97.13	71.99	90.90	0.7882
	NSAM	NDWI	95.15	59.50	77.57	0.6477
		MNDWI	93.83	51.31	83.17	0.6030
		NWI	98.58	86.31	92.75	0.8866
Chaohu (area1)	OTSU	NDWI	86.75	18.27	79.68	0.2546
		MNDWI	91.63	26.95	80.69	0.3709
		NWI	91.83	28.87	90.49	0.4061
	NSAM	NDWI	98.55	95.98	61.21	0.7404
		MNDWI	98.47	85.04	68.68	0.7521
		NWI	99.00	98.31	72.86	0.8319
Chaohu (area2)	OTSU	NDWI	95.65	58.71	90.31	0.6892
		MNDWI	96.79	67.18	89.81	0.7518
		NWI	96.85	66.17	96.35	0.7682
	NSAM	NDWI	98.78	90.94	88.24	0.8892
		MNDWI	99.26	97.90	89.42	0.9308
		NWI	99.55	97.10	95.30	0.9595
Shouxian area	OTSU	NDWI	98.69	97.53	82.03	0.8853
		MNDWI	98.50	97.62	74.68	0.8385
		NWI	98.80	86.56	92.77	0.8893
	NSAM	NDWI	99.27	97.54	89.11	0.9275
		MNDWI	99.28	97.07	89.75	0.9289
		NWI	99.42	96.56	92.82	0.9434

Study area	Method	OA/(%)	UA/(%)	PA/(%)	kappa
Qingtongxia area	ML	97.34	89.78	66.23	0.7485
	SVM	97.38	89.56	67.13	0.7539
	K-means	97.74	82.84	81.90	0.8116
	OTSU	97.13	71.99	90.90	0.7882
	GVE_OTSU	97.47	76.32	88.44	0.8044
	Entropy_OTSU	97.33	72.40	94.68	0.8064
	NSAM	98.58	86.31	92.75	0.8866
Chaohu (area1)	ML	96.39	48.96	63.94	0.5361
	SVM	97.27	85.00	27.06	0.4004
	K-means	88.19	21.46	88.65	0.3063
	OTSU	91.83	28.87	90.49	0.4061
	GVE_OTSU	94.11	35.76	84.92	0.4774
	Entropy_OTSU	93.71	34.94	91.43	0.4791
	NSAM	99.00	98.31	72.86	0.8319
Chaohu (area2)	ML	98.54	96.92	77.87	0.8559
	SVM	96.58	65.06	91.74	0.7435
	K-means	94.58	52.41	95.85	0.6508
	TSU	96.85	66.17	96.35	0.7682
	GVE_OTSU	97.58	72.48	95.70	0.8121
	Entropy_OTSU	97.75	73.49	97.11	0.8248
	NSAM	99.55	97.10	95.30	0.9595
Shouxian area	ML	98.72	91.58	84.61	0.8728
	SVM	98.68	90.30	85.32	0.8705
	K-means	98.22	86.06	80.88	0.8245
	OTSU	98.80	86.56	92.77	0.8893
	GVE_OTSU	98.89	89.82	90.13	0.8939
	Entropy_OTSU	99.06	89.42	94.17	0.9124
	NSAM	99.42	96.56	92.82	0.9434