Evalution of the Accuracy and Performance of Multi-GNSS (MGEX) Positioning for Long Baselines by Using Different Software

doi:10.11947/j.JGGS.2023.0407

Abstract

Abstract:

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a GNSS constellation, but GNSS is not always GPS. GPS is one of the GNSS constellations used around the world. The GNSS constellations include GPS (US), QZSS (Japan), Beidou/BDS (China), Galileo (EU), and GLONASS (Russia). In 1999, the European Commission (EC) proposed the European Galileo satellite navigation system for the first time. A four-phase development was proposed, including public and private sector finance. Galileo was intended for both civilian and government use, and is managed and controlled by civil authorities. Galileo is made up of 30 satellites, a number of globally distributed ground stations, and a ground control and monitoring system, all of which are extremely similar to the structure, format, and layout of GPS. In this study, we investigate GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/Beidou/IRNSS/QZSS Navigation Satellite System integration algorithm for long baselines ranging from 1500km to 3000km in China, Japan and Mongolia. The positioning performance with GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BDS/IRNSS/QZSS, GPS-only, Galileo-only, GLONASS-only and BDS-only, etc. is compared in terms of the positioning accuracy. An improvement of positioning accuracy over long baselines can be found with GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BDS/QZSS/IRNSS compared with that of GPS-only and that of BDS-only. The obtained differences of the two baselines (Topcon Magnet Tools Software (Multi-GNSS)-(CSRS-PPP (GPS/GLONASS), (Trimble-RTX (GPS/GLONASS), (AUSPOS (GPS/GLONASS)) Online Processing Software) by using GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BDS/QZSS/IRNSS signals is between 40cm and 111.5cm on three days.

Key words: Multi-GNSS (MGEX); accuracy; analysis; improvement; QZSS; Beidou; Galileo; IRNSS

Atınç Pırtı, Mehmet Ali Yücel. Evalution of the Accuracy and Performance of Multi-GNSS (MGEX) Positioning for Long Baselines by Using Different Software[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, 2023, 6(4): 79-92.

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System	Beidou		Galileo		GLONASS	GPS	IRNSS (NavIC)			QZSS
Owner	China		European Union		Russia	United States	India			Japan
Coverage	Global		Global		Global	Global	Regional			Regional
Coding	CDMA		CDMA		FDMA & CDMA	CDMA	CDMA			CDMA
Altitude	21150km (13140min)		23222km (14429min)		19130km (11890min)	20180km (12540min)	36000km (22000min)			32600km (20300min)- 39000km (24000min)
Period	12.88h (12h 53min)		14.08h (14h 5min)		11.26h (11h 16min)	11.97h (11h 58min)	23.93h (23h 56min)			23.93h (23h 56min)
Rev./S. Day	13/7 (1.86)		17/10 (1.7)		17/8 (2.125)	2	1			1
Satellites	Beidou-3: 28 operational (24 MEO, 3 IGSO, 1 GSO) 5 in orbit validation 2 GSO planned 20H1 Beidou-2: 15 operational 1 in commissioning	By design: 27 operational+ 3 spares Currently: 26 in orbit 24 operational 2 inactive 6 to be launched		24 by design 24 operational 1 commissioning 1 in flight tests		24 by design 30 operational		8 operational (3 GEO, 5 GSO MEO)	4 operational (3 GSO, 1 GEO) 7 in the future
Frequency	1.561098GHz (B1) 1.589742GHz (B1-2) 1.20714GHz (B2) 1.26852GHz (B3)	1.559~1.592GHz (E1) 1.164~1.215GHz (E5a/b) 1.260~1.300GHz (E6)		1.593~1.610GHz (G1) 1.237~1.254GHz (G2) 1.189~1.214GHz (G3)		1.563~1.587GHz (L1) 1.215~1.2396GHz (L2) 1.164~1.189GHz (L5)		1.17645GHz (L5) 2.492028GHz (S)	1.57542GHz (L1C/A,L1C,L1S) 1.22760GHz (L2C) 1.17645GHz (L5,L5S) 1.27875GHz (L6)
Status	Operational	Operating since 2016 2020 completion		Operational		Operational		Operational	Operational
Accuracy	3.6m or 12 ft (public) 0.1m or 3.9 in (encrypted)	0.2m or 7.9 in (public) 0.01m or 0.39 in (encrypted)		2~4m or 6 ft 7 in ~ 13 ft 1 in		0.3~5m or 1 ft 0 in ~ 16 ft 5 in (no DGPS or WAAS)		1m or 3 ft 3 in (public) 0.1m or 3.9 in (encrypted)	1m or 3 ft 3 in (public) 0.1m or 3.9 in (encrypted)

Name	Latitude/(°)	Longitude/(°)	h/m	Std Lat /m	Std Lon /m	Std h/m	S (Distance)/km
CSRS-PPP (20.01.2021)
URUM	43°48'2861958″N	87°36'241980″E	858860	0.003	0.002	0.010	S_ULAB-URUM=1568.534452 S_ULAB-MIZU=2869.811953
ULAB	47°51'5424005″N	107°03'839352″E	1575557	0.003	0.002	0.010
MIZU	39°8'0654730″N	141°07'5833043″E	117094	0.002	0.002	0.008
Trimble (20.01.2021)
URUM	43°48'2861960″N	87°36'2,41912″E	858867	0.004	0.009	0.011	S_ULAB-URUM=1568.534466 S_ULAB-MIZU=2869.811954
ULAB	47°51'5424002″N	107°03'839348″E	1575567	0.003	0.005	0.008
MIZU	39°8'0654732″N	141°07'5833040″E	117091	0.004	0.008	0.010
AUSPOS (20.01.2021)
URUM	43°48'2861956″N	87°36'241978″E	858868	0.005	0.004	0.009	S_ULAB-URUM=1568.534449 S_ULAB-MIZU=2869.811952
ULAB	47°51'5423996″N	107°03'839328″E	1575568	0.005	0.004	0.012
MIZU	39°8'0654740″N	141°07'5832997″E	117108	0.006	0.004	0.011

Order	Allowable error ratio	Parts Per Million (PPM)
AA	1∶100000000	0.01
A	1∶0000000	0.1
B	1∶1000000	1.0
C-1	1∶100000	10
C-2-Ⅰ	1∶50000	20
C-2-Ⅱ	1∶20000	50
C-3	1∶10000	100