Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science ›› 2020, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (4): 25-40.doi: 10.11947/j.JGGS.2020.0403
Previous Articles Next Articles
Xiaochun ZHAI1,2(
),Songhua WU1,3(),Bingyi LIU1,3,Jiaping YIN4,Hongwei ZHANG1
Received:2020-10-11
Accepted:2020-11-20
Online:2020-12-20
Published:2021-01-15
Contact:
Songhua WU
E-mail:zhaixiaochun@163.com;wush@ouc.edu.cn
About author:Xiaochun ZHAI (1992—), female, majors in atmospheric dynamics and turbulence.E-mail: Supported by:Xiaochun ZHAI,Songhua WU,Bingyi LIU,Jiaping YIN,Hongwei ZHANG. Observation of Stable Marine Boundary Layer by Shipborne Coherent Doppler Lidar and Radiosonde over Yellow Sea[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, 2020, 3(4): 25-40.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks
Fig.1
Cruise map of research vessel Dongfanghong-2 in the Yellow and Bohai Sea during 2014"
Fig.1
Cruise map of research vessel Dongfanghong-2 in the Yellow and Bohai Sea during 2014"
Fig.2
The Coherent Doppler lidar setup on Dongfanghong-2 research vessel"
Fig.2
The Coherent Doppler lidar setup on Dongfanghong-2 research vessel"
Fig.3
The parameters during 8 and 9 May 2014 at corresponding voyage locations (a) Surface wind speed (m/s), (b) Wind direction (°), (c) Pressure (hPa), (d) Relative humidity (%)"
Fig.3
The parameters during 8 and 9 May 2014 at corresponding voyage locations (a) Surface wind speed (m/s), (b) Wind direction (°), (c) Pressure (hPa), (d) Relative humidity (%)"
Fig.4
(a) Sensible heat flux (W/m2) and (b) latent heat flux (W/m2) at corresponding voyage locations obtained from NCEP, the lidar observation period is marked with red squares (c) sea surface temperature (SST) obtained from ship equipment observation and surface air temperature (SAT) at the height of about 4m obtained from radiosonde dataset on 9 May 2014"
Fig.4
(a) Sensible heat flux (W/m2) and (b) latent heat flux (W/m2) at corresponding voyage locations obtained from NCEP, the lidar observation period is marked with red squares (c) sea surface temperature (SST) obtained from ship equipment observation and surface air temperature (SAT) at the height of about 4m obtained from radiosonde dataset on 9 May 2014"
Fig.5
Radiosonde profiles of potential temperature (K, black line) and relative humidity (%, blue line) for (a) 08:05, (b) 10:18 and (c) 12:04 LST 9 May 2014 at corresponding voyage location, respectively, and the horizontal red lines are the SBL heights derived from the potential temperature characterization"
Fig.5
Radiosonde profiles of potential temperature (K, black line) and relative humidity (%, blue line) for (a) 08:05, (b) 10:18 and (c) 12:04 LST 9 May 2014 at corresponding voyage location, respectively, and the horizontal red lines are the SBL heights derived from the potential temperature characterization"
Fig.6
Radiosonde profiles of wind speed (m/s, black line) and direction (°, blue line) at (a) 08:05, (b) 10:18 and (c) 12:04 LST 9 May 2014 at corresponding voyage location, respectively, and the horizontal red lines are the SBL height derived from potential temperature characterization"
Fig.6
Radiosonde profiles of wind speed (m/s, black line) and direction (°, blue line) at (a) 08:05, (b) 10:18 and (c) 12:04 LST 9 May 2014 at corresponding voyage location, respectively, and the horizontal red lines are the SBL height derived from potential temperature characterization"
Fig.7
Profiles of vertical wind shear (s-1, blue line) and Richardson number (black line) for (a) 08:05, (b) 10:18, (c) 12:04 LST 9 May 2014 at corresponding voyage location, respectively, and the horizontal red lines are the MABL height derived from potential temperature profile characterization, the vertical black solid lines and dot lines represent RB=0, RB=0.25, RB=1, respectively"
Fig.7
Profiles of vertical wind shear (s-1, blue line) and Richardson number (black line) for (a) 08:05, (b) 10:18, (c) 12:04 LST 9 May 2014 at corresponding voyage location, respectively, and the horizontal red lines are the MABL height derived from potential temperature profile characterization, the vertical black solid lines and dot lines represent RB=0, RB=0.25, RB=1, respectively"
Fig.8
(a) Time-height-intensity of SNR and MABL height using SNR gradient method (red solid circle) and radiosonde potential temperature (black solid circle), (b) corresponding vertical velocity data, (c) corresponding vertical velocity variance data and MABL height using vertical velocity variance gradient method (red solid triangle)"
Fig.8
(a) Time-height-intensity of SNR and MABL height using SNR gradient method (red solid circle) and radiosonde potential temperature (black solid circle), (b) corresponding vertical velocity data, (c) corresponding vertical velocity variance data and MABL height using vertical velocity variance gradient method (red solid triangle)"
Fig.9
Backward trajectories ending at 23:00 LST 9 May 2014 at (a) 200m (red line), 600m (blue line), 1000m (green line), (b) 1200m (red line), 1600m (blue line), 2000m (green line), (c) 2200m (red line), 2600m (blue line), 3000m (green line), (d) 3200m (red line), 3600m (blue line), 4000m (green line) at observation location (36.71°N, 123.11°E) simulated by the HYSPLIT model"
Fig.9
Backward trajectories ending at 23:00 LST 9 May 2014 at (a) 200m (red line), 600m (blue line), 1000m (green line), (b) 1200m (red line), 1600m (blue line), 2000m (green line), (c) 2200m (red line), 2600m (blue line), 3000m (green line), (d) 3200m (red line), 3600m (blue line), 4000m (green line) at observation location (36.71°N, 123.11°E) simulated by the HYSPLIT model"
Fig.10
The distribution of wind vectors (barbs, m/s) and temperature (K) at 00 UTC 09 May 2014 derived from the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis dataset at (a) 700hPa, (b) 800hPa, (c) 900hPa and (d) 1000hPa"
Fig.10
The distribution of wind vectors (barbs, m/s) and temperature (K) at 00 UTC 09 May 2014 derived from the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis dataset at (a) 700hPa, (b) 800hPa, (c) 900hPa and (d) 1000hPa"
Tab.1
List of retrieved Zi using different methods mentioned in this studym"
| 08:05 LST 9 May 2014 | 10:18 LST 9 May 2014 | 12:04 LST 9 May 2014 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radiosonde potential temperature method | 167 | 183 | 267 |
| SNR gradient method | 533 | 650 | 600 |
| Vertical velocity variance method | 1050 | 1550 | 1500 |
Tab.1
List of retrieved Zi using different methods mentioned in this studym"
| 08:05 LST 9 May 2014 | 10:18 LST 9 May 2014 | 12:04 LST 9 May 2014 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radiosonde potential temperature method | 167 | 183 | 267 |
| SNR gradient method | 533 | 650 | 600 |
| Vertical velocity variance method | 1050 | 1550 | 1500 |
Fig.11
Profiles of vertical velocity variance (m2/s2, black line) and SNR (blue line) for (a) 08:05 (b) 10:18, (c) 12:04 LST 9 May 2014 at corresponding voyage location, respectively, and the horizontal black dotted line and blue lines stand for MABL height retrieved from vertical velocity variance and SNR, respectively"
Fig.11
Profiles of vertical velocity variance (m2/s2, black line) and SNR (blue line) for (a) 08:05 (b) 10:18, (c) 12:04 LST 9 May 2014 at corresponding voyage location, respectively, and the horizontal black dotted line and blue lines stand for MABL height retrieved from vertical velocity variance and SNR, respectively"
Fig.12
(a) Vertical velocity variance profile obtained from lidar from 07:42 to 12:57 LST 9 May 2014 with corresponding sampling error bars without (black line) and with (blue line) correction for motion of the ship, the blue dashed line stands for the difference between corrected and uncorrected vertical velocity variance. (b) corresponding skewness profile, (c) corresponding kurtosis-3 profile"
Fig.12
(a) Vertical velocity variance profile obtained from lidar from 07:42 to 12:57 LST 9 May 2014 with corresponding sampling error bars without (black line) and with (blue line) correction for motion of the ship, the blue dashed line stands for the difference between corrected and uncorrected vertical velocity variance. (b) corresponding skewness profile, (c) corresponding kurtosis-3 profile"
| [1] | MITSUTA Y, FUJITANI T. Direct measurement of turbulent fluxes on a cruising ship[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1974,6(1-2):203-217. |
| [2] |
HAWLEY J G, TARG R, HENDERSON S W, et al. Coherent launch-site atmospheric wind sounder: theory and experiment[J]. Applied Optics, 1993,32(24):4557-68.
pmid: 20830118 |
| [3] | EBERHARD W L, CUPP R E, HEALY K R. Doppler lidar measurement of profiles of turbulence and momentum flux[J]. Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology, 1989,6(5). |
| [4] | WULFMEYER V, JANJI T. Twenty-four-hour observations of the marine boundary layer using shipborne NOAA high-resolution Doppler lidar[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2005,44(11):1723-1744. |
| [5] | BANTA R M, PICHUGINA Y L, BREWER W A. Turbulent velocity-variance profiles in the stable boundary layer generated by a nocturnal low-level jet[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2006,63(11):2700-2719. |
| [6] | TUCKER S C, BREWER W A, BANTA R M, et al. Doppler lidar estimation of mixing height using turbulence, shear, and aerosol profiles[J]. Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology, 2009,26(4):673. |
| [7] | CSANADY G T. Equilibrium theory of the planetary boundary layer with an inversion lid[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1974,6(1-2):63-79. |
| [8] | GARRATT J R. The stably stratified internal boundary layer for steady and diurnally varying offshore flow[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1987,38(4):369-394. |
| [9] | SMEDMAN A S, BERGSTR M H, GRISOGONO B. Evolution of stable internal boundary layers over a cold sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1997,102(C1):1091. |
| [10] | ROGERS D P, JOHNSON D W. The stable internal boundary layer over a coastal sea. part i: airborne measurements of the mean and turbulence structure[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1995,52(6):667-683. |
| [11] | ANGEVINE W M, HARE J E, FAIRALL C W, et al. Structure and formation of the highly stable marine boundary layer over the Gulf of Maine[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2012,111(D23). |
| [12] |
WU S, LIU B, LIU J, et al. Wind turbine wake visualization and characteristics analysis by Doppler lidar[J]. Optics Express, 2016,24(10):A762.
doi: 10.1364/OE.24.00A762 pmid: 27409950 |
|
WU S, LIU B, LIU J, et al. Wind turbine wake visualization and characteristics analysis by Doppler lidar[J]. Optics Express, 2016,24(10):A762.
doi: 10.1364/OE.24.00A762 pmid: 27409950 |
|
| [13] | XIAOCHUN Z, SONGHUA W, BINGYI L, et al. Shipborne wind measurement and motion-induced error correction of a coherent Doppler lidar over the Yellow Sea in 2014[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2018,11(3):1313-1331. |
| XIAOCHUN Z, SONGHUA W, BINGYI L, et al. Shipborne wind measurement and motion-induced error correction of a coherent Doppler lidar over the Yellow Sea in 2014[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2018,11(3):1313-1331. | |
| [14] | STRAUCH R G, MERRITT D A, MORAN K P, et al. The colorado wind-profiling network[J]. Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology, 1988,1(1):37-49. |
| STRAUCH R G, MERRITT D A, MORAN K P, et al. The colorado wind-profiling network[J]. Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology, 1988,1(1):37-49. | |
| [15] | STULL R B. An introduction to boundary layer meteorology[M]. Springer: the Netherlands, 1988. |
| STULL R B. An introduction to boundary layer meteorology[M]. Springer: the Netherlands, 1988. | |
| [16] | LIU S, LIANG X Z. Observed diurnal cycle climatology of planetary boundary layer height[J]. Journal of Climate, 2010,23(21):5790-5809. |
| LIU S, LIANG X Z. Observed diurnal cycle climatology of planetary boundary layer height[J]. Journal of Climate, 2010,23(21):5790-5809. | |
| [17] | EMEIS S. Wind energy meteorology: atmospheric physics for wind power generation[J]. Springer, 2018. |
| EMEIS S. Wind energy meteorology: atmospheric physics for wind power generation[J]. Springer, 2018. | |
| [18] |
Rahn D A, Parish T R, Leon D. Observations of large wind shear above the marine boundary layer near point Buchon, California[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2015,73.
doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0150.1 pmid: 28983127 |
|
Rahn D A, Parish T R, Leon D. Observations of large wind shear above the marine boundary layer near point Buchon, California[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2015,73.
doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0150.1 pmid: 28983127 |
|
| [19] | WULFMEYER V, FEINGOLD G. On the relationship between relative humidity and particle backscattering coefficient in the marine boundary layer determined with differential absorption lidar[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2000,105(D4):4729-4741. |
| WULFMEYER V, FEINGOLD G. On the relationship between relative humidity and particle backscattering coefficient in the marine boundary layer determined with differential absorption lidar[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2000,105(D4):4729-4741. | |
| [20] | DRAXLER R R, ROLPH G D. HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model access via NOAA ARL READY website[J]. NOAA Air Laboratory. Silver Spring. MD. 2010,25. |
| DRAXLER R R, ROLPH G D. HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model access via NOAA ARL READY website[J]. NOAA Air Laboratory. Silver Spring. MD. 2010,25. | |
| [21] | LENSCHOW D H, VOLKER W, CHRISTOPH S. Measuring Second- through Fourth-Order Moments in Noisy Data[J]. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2000. |
| LENSCHOW D H, VOLKER W, CHRISTOPH S. Measuring Second- through Fourth-Order Moments in Noisy Data[J]. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2000. | |
| [22] | HENNEMUTH, B. and LAMMERT, A. Determination of the atmospheric boundary layer height from radiosonde and lidar backscatter[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2006,120(1):181-200. |
| HENNEMUTH, B. and LAMMERT, A. Determination of the atmospheric boundary layer height from radiosonde and lidar backscatter[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2006,120(1):181-200. | |
| [23] | LOTHON M, LENSCHOW D H, MAYOR S D. Coherence and scale of vertical velocity in the convective boundary layer from a Doppler lidar[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2006,121(3):521-536. |
| LOTHON M, LENSCHOW D H, MAYOR S D. Coherence and scale of vertical velocity in the convective boundary layer from a Doppler lidar[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2006,121(3):521-536. | |
| [24] | LOTHON M, LENSCHOW D H, MAYOR S D. Doppler lidar measurements of vertical velocity spectra in the convective planetary boundary layer[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2009,132(2):205-226. |
| LOTHON M, LENSCHOW D H, MAYOR S D. Doppler lidar measurements of vertical velocity spectra in the convective planetary boundary layer[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2009,132(2):205-226. | |
| [25] | HOGAN R J, GRANT A L, ILLINGWORTH A J, et al. Vertical velocity variance and skewness in clear and cloud-topped boundary layers as revealed by Doppler lidar[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2009,135(640):635-643. |
| HOGAN R J, GRANT A L, ILLINGWORTH A J, et al. Vertical velocity variance and skewness in clear and cloud-topped boundary layers as revealed by Doppler lidar[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2009,135(640):635-643. | |
| [26] | MOYER K A, YOUNG G S. Observations of vertical velocity skewness within the marine stratocumulus-topped boundary layer[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1991,48(3):403-410. |
| MOYER K A, YOUNG G S. Observations of vertical velocity skewness within the marine stratocumulus-topped boundary layer[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1991,48(3):403-410. | |
| [27] | LENSCHOW D H, WYNGAARD J C, PENNELL W T. Mean-field and second-moment budgets in a baroclinic, convective boundary layer[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1980,37(6):1313-1326. |
| LENSCHOW D H, WYNGAARD J C, PENNELL W T. Mean-field and second-moment budgets in a baroclinic, convective boundary layer[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1980,37(6):1313-1326. | |
| [28] | SULLIVAN P P, PATTON E G. A highly parallel algorithm for turbulence simulations in planetary boundary layers: results with meshes up to 10243 [C]//The proceedings of 18th American Meteorological Society Symposium on Boundary Layers and Tarbulence. Sweden: American Meteorological Society. 2008. |
| SULLIVAN P P, PATTON E G. A highly parallel algorithm for turbulence simulations in planetary boundary layers: results with meshes up to 10243 [C]//The proceedings of 18th American Meteorological Society Symposium on Boundary Layers and Tarbulence. Sweden: American Meteorological Society. 2008. |
| No related articles found! |
| Viewed | ||||||
|
Full text |
|
|||||
|
Abstract |
|
|||||
